California Poppy has been shown to improve sleep latency and duration in-vitro. in addition, modern research has shown limited evidence in animal models that the California Poppy has analgesic, sedative, and anxiolytic properties when taken as an ethanolic extract

In early human clinical trials of ginseng extract for Alzheimer’s disease, it was shown that a 12-week treatment of encapsulated ginseng powder increased cognitive performance, and that taking away the extract resulted in a cognitive decline back to baseline.

A 12-week study with a Rhodiola extract, that was conducted on individuals, showed improvements in attention network tasks (ANT), Go/No-go tasks, and divided attention tasks. Although longer treatment times and double-blind placebo studies are required, this early clinical study suggests a beneficial effect of R. rosea on com- plex attention functions, an effect which was previously mentioned in other studies examining Rhodiola mode of action

Brahmi’s traditional use as a memory booster is bolstered by modern studies, many of which are randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials which substantiate the memory boosting and nootropic effects of Brahmi, especially in older populations which are particularly sensitive to neurological conditions ranging from mild memory loss to Alzheimer’s Disease

Both preclinical and clinical research have supported the usage of Ashwagandha for the treatment of a variety of neurological conditions including cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkin- son’s Disease. The properties found within the roots of Ashwagandha have also been shown to significantly reverse ibotenic acid-induced cognitive deficits